Adaptation & Mitigation to Climate Change

Italy has a National plan for irrigation to support the agricultural sector and has a some money to alleviate the effects for extreme events including droughts.  The Italian regional governments have included the Climate change in there Rural Developments Plans (RDPs).  The purpose of the RDPs is for energy saving and green energy reducing Green House Gases emissions. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils and for the new forests. investments in renewable energy and adapting to the climate change. ( http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/ita_nc5.pdf).  A  couple regions are focusing on adaptation measures in practices that are compatible with changing climate.   The RDPs is aiming at protecting the soil and restoring is stability as improving soil quality and reducing the organic content loss, water resources like water saving technologies. 

This graph is from (http://metrostate.blackboard.com/webct/urw/lc5116011.tp0/cobaltMainFrame.dowebct)

 The top graph shows that the extremely hot weather in 2003. It was recorded the hottest it has ever been that year. there were a lot of deaths that year due to the heat wave estimated of 35,000 elderly people were effected in June to August from the heat.  The red part of the graph shows the areas where is it was the hottest. The temperatures has risen 3- 5  degree's Celsius in the Southern and Eastern  parts of Europe. 

Italy has ratified the Kyoto Protocol they signed April 28, 1998, Ratification Acceptance was May 5, 2002 and Entry into force was February 16, 2005 and the % of emissions is 3.1%

This graph is from (http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Tracking-Emissions-and-Mitigation-Actions.pdf)

Some of the alternative energy sources that Italy is taking in consideration is renewable energy that comes from resources that replenished sunlight, wind, rain, and geothermal heat.   

 after taking this class, it makes you  think more about the feature and how the green house gases have affect on our country, I think Italy should try to adapt and reduce the problem. having the sea leaving rise you can't stop that from happening but trying to reduce the green house gases, looking at other opportunities  for 

growing crop and using renewable energy.  

Impacts of Climate Change

 Climate changes in 2007: working Group 1
 I became more aware of  Europe's annual temperatures will likely increase then the global mean and also as well as the precipitation will increase in the winter and decease in the summer which means the drought conditions are going to increase  and with less snow fall in the winter.

This graph is from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch3s3-8-3-6.html#box-3-6


The top graph shows the mean temperature in Europe between 1961 and 1990 also it was the warmest winter. The bottom graph show that in 2003 it was the hottest year meaning that Europe went through a heat wave. "The 2003 heat wave was associated with a very robust and persistent blocking high-pressure system that may be a manifestation of an exceptional northward extension of the Hadley Cell" (http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch3s3-8-3-6.html#box-3-6)
"Some models say that increased of greenhouse gas concentration may weakening the MOC and reduce the warming"(http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch11s11-3-1.html). 
With the decrease of snow cover will cause a positive feedback cause a warming in the Mediterranean region, the feedbacks causing drying of the soil in the summer.

Working Groups II
Europe will experience some negative impacts like flash flooding, coastal flooding due to storms and sea level rising. The mountains will have less glaciers and less snow fall  means less tourism during the winters. Also with the heat waves Europe will experience more wild fires. health risks with elders less crop growing.

Climate projections for Europe will experience a heat wave, warming winters in Northern Europe, hotter summers in South Western Europe.  The precipitation will increase in Northern and decrease in southern parts of Europe. There will be an increase of flooding in the Northern, Central, and Eastern parts. The southern will go through a drought. The mountains will experience less snow fall and " Mountain regions may additionally experience a loss of endemism due to invasive species, similar extreme impacts are expected for habitat and animal diversity as well, making mountains ecosystem among the most threatened in Europe" (http://metrostate.blackboard.com/webct/urw/lc5116011.tp0/cobaltMainFrame.dowebct)


Some of the interesting treats is the sea level rising, causing flooding lost of land this is projected to happen in 2050. With the water risking it will cause some of the people to migrate  Also with the heat wave and the years go on parts of Europe will be getting warmer, heat waves will cause more deaths with the citizens in Europe.  The impact of rapid change the thermohaline circulation(THC),temperatures slowing in a circulation is an offset by the immediate effects of positive radiative forcing under increasing green house gases, the western part will most effected with rises in the sea level on the coast.
 Here are some bullet point that is a threat

• Reductions in runoff and water availability in southern Europe; major increase in snowmelt flooding in western Europe.
• Increased sea-level rise on western European and Mediterranean coasts.
• Reductions in crop production with consequent impacts on food prices.
• Changes in temperature affecting ecosystems in western Europe and the Mediterranean (e.g., affecting biodiversity, forest products and food production).
• Disruption to winter travel opportunities and increased icing of northern ports and seas.
• Changes in regional patterns of increases versus decreases in cold- and heat-related deaths and ill-health.
• Movement of populations to southern Europe and a shift in the centre of economic gravity.
• Requirement to refurbish infrastructure towards Scandinavian standards.

 This information is found

12.6.2 Thermohaline circulation changes in the North Atlantic: possible impacts for Europe

(http://metrostate.blackboard.com/webct/urw/lc5116011.tp0/cobaltMainFrame.dowebct)